1. __construct()和__destruct()
在实例被 创建/销毁 的时候被调用,都可以传递0个或多个参数。
class a
{
function a()
{
echo "build a";
}
function __destruct()
{
echo "destroy a";
}
}
$obj = new a();
//unset($obj);
note:the destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
关于构造函数,php5.3.3开始,一个定义在某个特定的命名空间里的class中以类名命名的方法将不再被认为是构造函数。在无命名空间的类中与原来一样依旧是构造函数。如:
namespace foo;
class bar {
public function bar() {
// treated as constructor in php 5.3.0-5.3.2
// treated as regular method as of php 5.3.3
}
}
如果没有namespace foo; 那么bar()还将被当作构造函数。另外,如果存在下面的情况:
function __construct()
{
echo "construct a";
}
function a()
{
echo "build a";
}
function __destruct()
{
echo "destroy a";
}
}
即既包含__construct()又包含与类名同名的函数,那么将只调用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callstatic()
当尝试调用一个不存在的方法时调用该方法。两个参数,一个是方法名,一个是被调用方法的参数数组。
class methodtest
{
public function __call($name, $arguments)
{
// note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo "calling object method '$name' "
. implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>";
}
public static function __callstatic($name, $arguments)
{
// note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo "calling static method '$name' "
. implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>";
}
}
$obj = new methodtest;
$obj->runtest('in','object','context');
methodtest::runtest('in','static','context');
其中,$arguments作为一个array传入。运行结果:
calling object method 'runtest' in object context
calling static method 'runtest' in static context
还要注意函数的作用域protected和private:
class testmagiccallmethod {
public function foo()
{
echo __method__.php_eol."<br>";
}
public function __call($method, $args)
{
echo __method__.php_eol."<br>";
if(method_exists($this, $method))
{
$this->$method();
}
}
protected function bar()
{
echo __method__.php_eol."<br>";
}
private function baz()
{
echo __method__.php_eol."<br>";
}
}
$test = new testmagiccallmethod();
$test->foo();
/**
* outputs:
* testmagiccallmethod::foo
*/
$test->bar();
/**
* outputs:
* testmagiccallmethod::__call
* testmagiccallmethod::bar
*/
$test->baz();
/**
* outputs:
* testmagiccallmethod::__call
* testmagiccallmethod::baz
*/
3.__get()和__set()
当试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
note:我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。
class test
{
public function __get($key)
{
echo $key . " not exists";
}
public function __set($key,$value)
{
echo $key . " = ".$value;
}
}
$t = new test();
echo $t->name."<br>";
$t->name = "abc";
输出:
name not exists
name = abc
4. __tostring()
这个方法类似于java的tostring()方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数,函数必须返回一个string。
class test
{
private $name = "abc";
private $age = 12;
public function __tostring()
{
return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age";
}
}
$t = new test();
echo $t;
输出:
name : abc, age : 12
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