背景：游戏辅助功能通常使用按键精灵编写脚本，按键精灵的最大卖点就是能够找到画面中字，图，色，这对于模拟用户鼠标操作至关重要，这能找到道具，找到血量，实现自动打怪，自动补血，自动买卖道具，博主闲来无聊，看到一款按键精灵实现的辅助，于是乎想用WPF也写一款辅助工具，实现其核心的找图找色等功能。博主测试，对于背景复杂多变的画面，找不变图的成功率达到100%，找带透明的图，比如文字，能达到90%以上。默认您已经知道一个颜色值由argb构成，每个值范围都是0~255。网上发现不少人询问过该问题，几乎没有比较全面的解答，今天本博主自己写了这些功能的代码，C#同学们，以后可以用这几个函数实现你的游戏辅助了哦(⊙o⊙)
找色：
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 找颜色 3 /// </summary> 4 /// <param name="parPic">查找的图片的绝对路径</param> 5 /// <param name="searchColor">查找的16进制颜色值，如#0C5FAB</param> 6 /// <param name="searchRect">查找的矩形区域范围内</param> 7 /// <param name="errorRange">容错</param> 8 /// <returns></returns> 9 System.Drawing.Point FindColor(string parPic, string searchColor, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange = 10)10 {11 var colorX = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.FromHtml(searchColor);12 var parBitmap = new Bitmap(parPic);13 var parData = parBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);14 var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height];15 Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height);16 if (searchRect.IsEmpty)17 {18 searchRect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height);19 }20 var searchLeftTop = searchRect.Location;21 var searchSize = searchRect.Size;22 var iMax = searchLeftTop.Y + searchSize.Height;//行 23 var jMax = searchLeftTop.X + searchSize.Width;//列 24 int pointX = -1; int pointY = -1;25 for (int m = searchRect.Y; m < iMax; m++)26 {27 for (int n = searchRect.X; n < jMax; n++)28 {29 int index = m * parBitmap.Width * 4 + n * 4;30 var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[index + 3], byteArraryPar[index + 2], byteArraryPar[index + 1], byteArraryPar[index]);31 if (ColorAEqualColorB(color, colorX, errorRange))32 {33 pointX = n;34 pointY = m;35 goto END;36 }37 }38 }39 END:40 parBitmap.UnlockBits(parData);41 return new System.Drawing.Point(pointX, pointY);42 }43 #endregion
方法中的容错范围，默认设置为10。R、G、B三者的范围都是0~255，容错为10，就表示每个范围都可以在10上下波动，下面还会有容错的概念
找图：
在一张大图中截取一个矩形小图，然后在任意包含该小图的图片中找到该小图的坐标位置
1 #region 找图 2 3 /// <summary> 4 /// 查找图片，不能镂空 5 /// </summary> 6 /// <param name="subPic"></param> 7 /// <param name="parPic"></param> 8 /// <param name="searchRect">如果为empty，则默认查找整个图像</param> 9 /// <param name="errorRange">容错，单个色值范围内视为正确0~255</param> 10 /// <param name="matchRate">图片匹配度，默认90%</param> 11 /// <param name="isFindAll">是否查找所有相似的图片</param> 12 /// <returns>返回查找到的图片的中心点坐标</returns> 13 List<System.Drawing.Point> FindPicture(string subPic, string parPic, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange, double matchRate = 0.9, bool isFindAll = false) 14 { 15 List<System.Drawing.Point> ListPoint = new List<System.Drawing.Point>(); 16 var subBitmap = new Bitmap(subPic); 17 var parBitmap = new Bitmap(parPic); 18 int subWidth = subBitmap.Width; 19 int subHeight = subBitmap.Height; 20 int parWidth = parBitmap.Width; 21 int parHeight = parBitmap.Height; 22 if (searchRect.IsEmpty) 23 { 24 searchRect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height); 25 } 26 27 var searchLeftTop = searchRect.Location; 28 var searchSize = searchRect.Size; 29 System.Drawing.Color startPixelColor = subBitmap.GetPixel(0, 0); 30 var subData = subBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, subBitmap.Width, subBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); 31 var parData = parBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); 32 var byteArrarySub = new byte[subData.Stride * subData.Height]; 33 var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height]; 34 Marshal.Copy(subData.Scan0, byteArrarySub, 0, subData.Stride * subData.Height); 35 Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height); 36 37 var iMax = searchLeftTop.Y + searchSize.Height - subData.Height;//行 38 var jMax = searchLeftTop.X + searchSize.Width - subData.Width;//列 39 40 int smallOffsetX = 0, smallOffsetY = 0; 41 int smallStartX = 0, smallStartY = 0; 42 int pointX = -1; int pointY = -1; 43 for (int i = searchLeftTop.Y; i < iMax; i++) 44 { 45 for (int j = searchLeftTop.X; j < jMax; j++) 46 { 47 //大图x，y坐标处的颜色值 48 int x = j, y = i; 49 int parIndex = i * parWidth * 4 + j * 4; 50 var colorBig = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parIndex]); 51 ; 52 if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorBig, startPixelColor, errorRange)) 53 { 54 smallStartX = x - smallOffsetX;//待找的图X坐标 55 smallStartY = y - smallOffsetY;//待找的图Y坐标 56 int sum = 0;//所有需要比对的有效点 57 int matchNum = 0;//成功匹配的点 58 for (int m = 0; m < subHeight; m++) 59 { 60 for (int n = 0; n < subWidth; n++) 61 { 62 int x1 = n, y1 = m; 63 int subIndex = m * subWidth * 4 + n * 4; 64 var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArrarySub[subIndex + 3], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 2], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 1], byteArrarySub[subIndex]); 65 66 sum++; 67 int x2 = smallStartX + x1, y2 = smallStartY + y1; 68 int parReleativeIndex = y2 * parWidth * 4 + x2 * 4;//比对大图对应的像素点的颜色 69 var colorPixel = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex]); 70 if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorPixel, color, errorRange)) 71 { 72 matchNum++; 73 } 74 } 75 } 76 if ((double)matchNum / sum >= matchRate) 77 { 78 Console.WriteLine((double)matchNum / sum); 79 pointX = smallStartX + (int)(subWidth / 2.0); 80 pointY = smallStartY + (int)(subHeight / 2.0); 81 var point = new System.Drawing.Point(pointX, pointY); 82 if (!ListContainsPoint(ListPoint, point, 10)) 83 { 84 ListPoint.Add(point); 85 } 86 if (!isFindAll) 87 { 88 goto FIND_END; 89 } 90 } 91 } 92 //小图x1,y1坐标处的颜色值 93 } 94 } 95 FIND_END: 96 subBitmap.UnlockBits(subData); 97 parBitmap.UnlockBits(parData); 98 subBitmap.Dispose(); 99 parBitmap.Dispose();100 GC.Collect();101 return ListPoint;102 }103 #endregion
找字：
找字比较困难了呢，因为文字是一种镂空的图像，不像上述找的是非镂空图像，代码：
定义结构体：
1 struct NumBody2 {3 public int num;//数字 4 public int matchNum;//匹配的个数 5 public int matchSum;6 public double matchRate;//匹配度 7 public System.Drawing.Point point;8 public List<System.Drawing.Point> bodyCollectionPoint;//该数字所有像素在大图中的坐标 9 }
1 #region 找字 2 3 /// <summary> 4 /// 找文字，镂空的图片文字 5 /// </summary> 6 /// <param name="subPic"></param> 7 /// <param name="parPic"></param> 8 /// <param name="searchRect"></param> 9 /// <param name="errorRange"></param> 10 /// <param name="matchRate"></param> 11 /// <param name="isFindAll"></param> 12 /// <returns></returns> 13 List<NumBody> FindText(string subPic, string parPic, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange, double matchRate = 0.9, bool isFindAll = false) 14 { 15 16 List<NumBody> ListPoint = new List<NumBody>(); 17 var subBitmap = new Bitmap(subPic); 18 var parBitmap = new Bitmap(parPic); 19 int subWidth = subBitmap.Width; 20 int subHeight = subBitmap.Height; 21 int parWidth = parBitmap.Width; 22 int parHeight = parBitmap.Height; 23 var bgColor = subBitmap.GetPixel(0, 0);//背景红色 24 if (searchRect.IsEmpty) 25 { 26 searchRect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height); 27 } 28 var searchLeftTop = searchRect.Location; 29 var searchSize = searchRect.Size; 30 var subData = subBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, subBitmap.Width, subBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); 31 var parData = parBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); 32 var byteArrarySub = new byte[subData.Stride * subData.Height]; 33 var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height]; 34 Marshal.Copy(subData.Scan0, byteArrarySub, 0, subData.Stride * subData.Height); 35 Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height); 36 var iMax = searchLeftTop.Y + searchSize.Height - subData.Height;//行 37 var jMax = searchLeftTop.X + searchSize.Width - subData.Width;//列 38 System.Drawing.Color startPixelColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0); 39 int smallOffsetX = 0, smallOffsetY = 0; 40 int smallStartX = 0, smallStartY = 0; 41 int pointX = -1; int pointY = -1; 42 43 44 for (int m = 0; m < subHeight; m++) 45 { 46 for (int n = 0; n < subWidth; n++) 47 { 48 smallOffsetX = n; 49 smallOffsetY = m; 50 int subIndex = m * subWidth * 4 + n * 4; 51 var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArrarySub[subIndex + 3], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 2], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 1], byteArrarySub[subIndex]); 52 if (!ColorAEqualColorB(color, bgColor, errorRange)) 53 { 54 startPixelColor = color; 55 goto END; 56 } 57 } 58 } 59 60 END: 61 for (int i = searchLeftTop.Y; i < iMax; i++) 62 { 63 for (int j = searchLeftTop.X; j < jMax; j++) 64 { 65 //大图x，y坐标处的颜色值 66 int x = j, y = i; 67 int parIndex = i * parWidth * 4 + j * 4; 68 var colorBig = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parIndex]); 69 ; 70 71 List<System.Drawing.Point> myListPoint = new List<System.Drawing.Point>(); 72 if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorBig, startPixelColor, errorRange)) 73 { 74 smallStartX = x - smallOffsetX;//待找的图X坐标 75 smallStartY = y - smallOffsetY;//待找的图Y坐标 76 int sum = 0;//所有需要比对的有效点 77 int matchNum = 0;//成功匹配的点 78 for (int m = 0; m < subHeight; m++) 79 { 80 for (int n = 0; n < subWidth; n++) 81 { 82 int x1 = n, y1 = m; 83 int subIndex = m * subWidth * 4 + n * 4; 84 var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArrarySub[subIndex + 3], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 2], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 1], byteArrarySub[subIndex]); 85 if (color != bgColor) 86 { 87 sum++; 88 int x2 = smallStartX + x1, y2 = smallStartY + y1; 89 int parReleativeIndex = y2 * parWidth * 4 + x2 * 4;//比对大图对应的像素点的颜色 90 var colorPixel = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex]); 91 if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorPixel, color, errorRange)) 92 { 93 matchNum++; 94 } 95 myListPoint.Add(new System.Drawing.Point(x2, y2)); 96 } 97 } 98 } 99 100 double rate = (double)matchNum / sum;101 if (rate>= matchRate)102 {103 Console.WriteLine((double)matchNum / sum);104 pointX = smallStartX + (int)(subWidth / 2.0);105 pointY = smallStartY + (int)(subHeight / 2.0);106 var point = new System.Drawing.Point(pointX, pointY);107 if (!ListTextBodyContainsPoint(ListPoint, point, 1))108 {109 ListPoint.Add(new NumBody() { point = point, matchNum = matchNum,matchSum=sum, matchRate = rate, bodyCollectionPoint = myListPoint });110 }111 SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref ListPoint);112 if (!isFindAll)113 {114 goto FIND_END;115 }116 }117 }118 //小图x1,y1坐标处的颜色值 119 }120 }121 FIND_END:122 subBitmap.UnlockBits(subData);123 parBitmap.UnlockBits(parData);124 subBitmap.Dispose();125 parBitmap.Dispose();126 GC.Collect();127 return ListPoint;128 }
特别注意：有了这个方法还是不能找到你要的文字的。要先处理文字，下面举例：
例如在这张图片上找到朋友的朋字的坐标位置：
1：打开你的PS，先将图片放大，看到像素方块为止，然后将朋字的范围圈选住，注意稍微比字圈选的大一点，像这样：
2：按住CTRL+C，然后CTRL+N，出现对话框：(教教大家使用PS^_^)
3：将背景内容选择透明，按确定，再按CTRL+V复制图像
4:将这个图片放大到看到像素为止，将所有非字体的位置全部用铅笔工具涂上同一种颜色，
5:涂完了之后将这张图片保存下来，这张图片就是我们要查找的“朋”字，图片是这样的
6：我们需要的就是第五步的图片和第一张底图，下面见证奇迹的时刻到了。
1 string str1 = @"C:UsersJimmyBrightDesktop1.png";2 string str2 = @"C:UsersJimmyBrightDesktop2.png";3 var xx = FindText(str2,str1,new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, 400, 600),10);
str1是我们的底图，str2是第五步的那张处理后的文字图片，xx就是我们最后需要的文字的位置坐标，我们运行看看。下面截图运行结果：
显然最后我们查找的文字在图片中的坐标为(224,286)，大家可以下载那张图片验证
找数：
你以为找到文字就算完了吗？No，找数字才是最困难的，为什么呢？有人会问，数字难道不也是文字吗，不也可以通过PS处理数字达到查找其位置的目的吗？对的，数字也是文字，我们将需要查找的数字0~9全部PS处理，就能查到它们的位置了。但是有一个问题啊，游戏中用数字表示的地方通常是一连串的数字，这些数字里面包含0~9的任意组合。所以我们需要这样处理：
我们从0~9依次查找指定区域，记录每次查找的结果，没查到的数字不必记录，对查到结果的数字再按照X坐标排序，因为在X坐标越小，数字越靠左边。
还有一个严重的问题，例如38,14，这样的数字会很讨厌，为什么呢，我们会再8当中查找3，在4当中查找到1，这会对我们的数字识别产生重大误差，所以下面我也写了一个方法对这个问题做了处理，代码：
1 #region 查找数字 2 3 /// <summary> 4 /// 在指定区域里面查找数字 5 /// </summary> 6 /// <param name="numDic"></param> 7 /// <param name="parPic"></param> 8 /// <param name="searchRect"></param> 9 /// <param name="errorRange"></param> 10 /// <returns></returns> 11 int FindNumbers(Dictionary<int, string> numDic, string parPic, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange=8, double matchRate = 0.9)12 {13 //同一个区域找到多个相同的图片 14 List<NumBody> ListBody = new List<NumBody>();15 foreach (var item in numDic)16 {17 var listPoint = FindText(item.Value, parPic, searchRect, errorRange, matchRate, true);18 foreach (var point in listPoint)19 {20 ListBody.Add(new NumBody() { num = item.Key,matchNum=point.matchNum,matchSum=point.matchSum, matchRate=point.matchRate, point = point.point, bodyCollectionPoint = point.bodyCollectionPoint });21 }22 }23 24 SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref ListBody);25 var myList = from body in ListBody orderby body.point.X ascending select body;26 string number = "0";27 foreach (var item in myList)28 {29 number += item.num;30 }31 int num = Int32.Parse(number);32 return num;33 }34 /// <summary> 35 /// 搜索同一个数字的时候，出现重叠的地方，用匹配度去过滤掉匹配度低的36 /// 比如同样是1，在控制匹配度允许下，一个（83,95）和（84,95）这两个点明显是同一个数字37 /// 此时谁的匹配度低过滤掉谁38 /// </summary> 39 /// <param name="ListBody"></param> 40 void SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref List<NumBody> ListBody)41 {42 bool isValid = true;43 for (int i = 0; i < ListBody.Count; i++)44 {45 var body = ListBody[i];46 47 for (int j = i; j < ListBody.Count; j++)48 {49 50 var bodyX = ListBody[j];51 if (!bodyX.Equals(body))52 {53 int sameNum = 0;54 foreach (var item in body.bodyCollectionPoint)55 {56 if (bodyX.bodyCollectionPoint.Contains(item))57 {58 sameNum++;59 }60 }61 if (sameNum >= 1)//有1个以上点重合，表面图像重叠，删除像素点数少的图像 62 {63 isValid = false;64 65 //如果某个数字100%匹配，那就不用比较了，这个数字肯定是对的 66 double maxRate = 1;67 if (bodyX.matchRate >= maxRate)68 {69 ListBody.Remove(body);70 }71 else if (body.matchRate>=maxRate)72 {73 ListBody.Remove(bodyX);74 }75 else 76 {77 if (bodyX.matchNum >= body.matchNum)//图像包含的所有像素个数 78 {79 ListBody.Remove(body);80 }81 else 82 {83 ListBody.Remove(bodyX);84 }85 }86 SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref ListBody);87 }88 }89 }90 }91 if (isValid)92 {93 return;94 }95 }96 97 #endregion
其他方法：
1 bool ColorAEqualColorB(System.Drawing.Color colorA, System.Drawing.Color colorB, byte errorRange = 10) 2 { 3 return colorA.A <= colorB.A + errorRange && colorA.A >= colorB.A - errorRange && 4 colorA.R <= colorB.R + errorRange && colorA.R >= colorB.R - errorRange && 5 colorA.G <= colorB.G + errorRange && colorA.G >= colorB.G - errorRange && 6 colorA.B <= colorB.B + errorRange && colorA.B >= colorB.B - errorRange; 7 8 } 9 bool ListContainsPoint(List<System.Drawing.Point> listPoint, System.Drawing.Point point, double errorRange = 10)10 {11 bool isExist = false;12 foreach (var item in listPoint)13 {14 if (item.X <= point.X + errorRange && item.X >= point.X - errorRange && item.Y <= point.Y + errorRange && item.Y >= point.Y - errorRange)15 {16 isExist = true;17 }18 }19 return isExist;20 }21 bool ListTextBodyContainsPoint(List<NumBody> listPoint, System.Drawing.Point point, double errorRange = 10)22 {23 bool isExist = false;24 foreach (var item in listPoint)25 {26 27 if (item.point.X <= point.X + errorRange && item.point.X >= point.X - errorRange && item.point.Y <= point.Y + errorRange && item.point.Y >= point.Y - errorRange)28 {29 isExist = true;30 }31 }32 return isExist;33 }
结束语：以上代码实现了找颜色，找图片，找文字，找数字的所有功能，希望对朋友们能有所帮助。
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